Aqui podrás aprender inglés rápido, con todas las lecciones, y otros recursos básicos e intermedios, audios, vídeos, lecturas traducidas, letras de canciones, etc.
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Adverbios de Grado en Inglés -Adverbs of Degree
Los Adverbios de Grado en Ingles
(Adverbs of Degree)
Son aquellos adverbios que expresan la intensidad la intensidad o grado de una acción, un adjetivo u otro adverbio.
Responden a las preguntas How much? , to what degree?,
Los más comunes son:
- Very - mucho
- Completely - completamente
- Greatly - grandemente
- Extremely - extremadamente
- much (mách) - mucho
- so much (sóu mach) - tanto
- too much (tchú mach) - demasiado
- very little (lítl) - muy poco
- so little (sóu litl) - tan poco
- too little (tchú litl) - demasiado poco
- fairly –bastante, justa
Examples
- They behaved terribly. (se comportaron terriblemente)
- I'm terribly sorry. terribly – (estoy muy apenado)
- He was behaving suspiciously. (El se estuvo comportando sospechosamente)
- He was suspiciously quiet. ( El estaba inusualmente tranquilo)
- They spoke English easily. (El habló en inglés fácilmente)
- He is clearly the best speaker. (el es claramente el mejor orador)
- He treats us fairly. (el nos trató justamente)
- He communicates fairly fluently. (El se comunica con bastante fluidez)
- He speaks English well (el habla bien el inglés )
- I miss you so much! ¡te extraño tanto!
- I've done too much for me..- Yo he hecho mucho por ti
- We still know very little about insects. - Todavía sabemos muy poco sobre insectos.
- He worked too little on his project.- El trabajó muy poco en su proyecto.
A continuación una lista mas completa con estos adverbios de Grado diferenciando aquellos que llevan sufijo "ly" y los que no
Degree Adverbs List
| Con sufijo "ly" | Sin sufijo "ly" |
absolutely - absolutamente amazingly - sorprendentemente awfully - muy barely - apenas completely totally, completamente, totalmente considerably - considerablemente dreadfully - terriblemente easily -facilmente enormously - enormemente entirely - enteramente exceedingly , excessively – excesivamente extensively- extensamente extremely - extremadamente fairly – justamente fantastically - fantasticamente fully - completamente greatly - grandemente hardly - dificilmente highly - altamente hugely - enormemente immensely - inmensamente incredibly - increiblemente infinitely - infinitamente intensely - intensamente largely - en gran medida moderately - moderadamente nearly - cercamente noticeably - notablemente partly - parcialmente perfectly -perfectamente positively - positivamente practically - practicamente profoundly - profundamente purely - puramente really - realmente reasonably - rasonablemente relatively - relativamente remarkably - remarkablemente simply - simplemente slightly - ligeramente strikingly - llamativamente strongly - fuertemente sufficiently - suficientemente supremely - supremamente suspiciously - sospechosamente terribly - terriblemente totally - totalmente tremendously -tremendamente truly - verdaderamente unbelievably - increiblemente utterly - totalmente virtually - virtualmente wonderfully – maravillosamente | About - cerca Almost - casi Altogether - completamente Downright - absolutamente Jolly -trivial Just - justo Least- menos Less - menos Mighty - poderosos More - mas Most- mayormente Not - no Quite - bastante Rather - bastante So - tan somewhat - poco too - demasiado very - muy very much - mucho well - bien enough - suficiente |
Ejemplos:
She doesn't quite know what she'll do after university.
Ella no sabe bien lo que hara después de la universidad
They are completely exhausted from the trip.
Ellos estan completamente agotados por el viaje
I am too tired to go out tonight.
Estoy muy cansado para salir esta noche
He hardly noticed what she was saying.
El apenas notó lo que ella estaba diciendo
Is your coffee hot enough?
Tu café está lo suficientemente caliente?
He didn't work hard enough.
El no trabajó lo suficientemente duro
We have enough bread.
Temenos suficiente pan
They don't have enough food.
Ellos no tienen suficiente comida
This coffee is too hot. (adjective)
Este café esta demaciado caliente
He works too hard. (adverb)
El trabaja muy duro
The dress was big enough for me.
La ropa era suficientemente grande para mi
She's not experienced enough for this job.
Era no tiene suficiente experiencia para este trabajo
The coffee was too hot for me.
El café estaba muy caliente para mi
The dress was too small for her.
La ropa era muy pequeña para ella
That girl was very beautiful. (adjective)
Aquella chica era muy bonita
He worked very quickly. (adverb)
El trabajó rapidamente
Phrasal Verbs, verbos frasales separables e inseparables
Phrasal verbs separable and inseparable list
Lista de verbos frasales separables e inseparablesLos phrasal verbs o verbos de dos palabras, Son aquellas palabras que están compuestas de "un verbo + una preposición o adverbio" teniendo un significado diferente al de cada palabra por separado, y pueden tener uno o más significados.
Se diferencian en dos clases:
-separables
-inseparables
(phrasal verbs separable and inseparable)
1) Separable Phrasal Verbs (los separables). Son aquellos phrasal verbs en los cuales se puede poner una persona del predicado, en medio de la acción y la preposición.
Ex:
-take back (regresar, devolver)
Max took the defective radio back to the store where he bought it.
Max devolvió la radio defectuosa a la tienda donde lo compro
-Call off = cancelar, suspender.
Call it off = cancélalo.
-Fill out = llenar.
Fill the application out = llena la solicitud.
-Call up = telefonear.
Call them up = telefonéales.
-Fill (someone*) in on… = poner a alguien al corriente de.
Fill me in on what you are doing = ponme al corriente de lo que tú estás haciendo.
* "someone" (alguien), en puede ser sustituido por cualquier pronombre (me, you, it, him, her, me, them).
A continuación una lista con varios Fhrasal verbs
- Pick up = recoger, levantar.
- Put on = vestirse o encender algo.
- Put out = poner afuera o apagar (un fuego).
- Try on = probar (la ropa, idea, etc..)
- Cheer up = animarse, ponerse alegre.
- Do over = repetir, hacerlo otra vez.
- Give up = abandonar, cesar, rendirse, darse por vencido.
- Give out = distribuir.
- Give back = regresar, darle de regreso algo a alguien.
- Hand over = entregar, ceder algo a alguien.
- Hand in = entregar (papeles).
- Leave out = excluir, omitir.
- Look up = buscar (algo en un escrito, diccionario o libro).
- Pick out = escoger, seleccionar.
- Turn out = apagar (luz, fuego o gas).
- Turn out to be = resultar ser.
- Turn over = voltear (un objeto o persona).
- Turn around = voltear (de rotar la cabeza, objeto, etc).
- Turn on = poner algo en operación, prender (luces o motor).
- Turn off = apagar (un motor o luces).
- Turn down = rechazar, reducir.
- Keep up = mantener, continuar haciendo algo.
- Look over = examinar o mirar por encima.
- Bring back = traer algo de vuelta.
- Head for = dirigirse hacia.
- Give away = regalar.
- Show off = presumir.
- Show up = resaltar, aparecer.
- Take over = tomar posesión de, conquistar, dominar.
- Take after = parecerse a.
- Take away = quitar, remover, llevarse.
- Take down = note down = tomar nota, anotar.
- Take up = usar, ocupar.
- Think over = considerar (algo).
- Make up = inventar, reconciliar.
- Put off = posponer.
- Figure out = entender, calcular, resolver mentalmente.
- Talk over = discutir.
- Cut down = reducir.
- Come across = tropezar con, encontrarse con.
- Blow out = extinguir, descontar.
- Hold on = demorar, aguantar (un peso, situación, etc...).
Etc... Etc... Etc...
2) Inseparable Phrasal Verbs (los inseparables) = son aquellos phrasal verbs en los que el verbo y la preposición siempre van juntas y no se separan, es decir, el object pronoun siempre se pone después de la preposición.
Ex:
-come along = progresar
Things are coming along well.
Las cosas están progresando bien.
-Run out of = quedarse sin, extinguirse, acabarse.
My car run out of gas = mi carro se quedo sin gasolina.
-Look for = buscar.
I was looking for you all over the place = Yo estuve buscándote por todo el lugar.
A continuación una lista con algunos verbos frasales inseparables
- Blow out = extinguir, apagar (luz o fuego).
- Call on = visitar, llamar.
- Come back = venir de regreso.
- Go over = checar, ir por.
- Go on = continuar, pasar.
- Go back = ir de regreso.
- Get alone with = llevarse bien con.
- Get on = subirse, montarse (a un camión, caballo, bicy, moto).
- Go into = ir dentro de, ir a.
- Get off = bajarse.
- Get in = meterse (en un carro, casa, etc).
- Get out of = salirse de.
- Set up = establecer, fijar, arreglar, preparar.
- Fall down = caerse, derrumbarse.
- Fall off = caerse (de una superficie superior, a otra inferior).
- Dig up = desenterrar.
- Fight over = competir.
- Find out = investigar, encontrar, hallar.
- Look around = mirar alrededor.
- Look out! = ten cuidado!.
- Make sure of = verificar, asegurarse de.
- Pay off = pagar de vuelta, dar resultado.
- To carry out = cumplir, llevar a cabo (con un plan, ordenes).
- Take off = despegar, desvestirse.
- Roll up = enrollar.
- Show up = aparecer.
- Run over = atropellar.
- Run away = huir.
…
Hay muchos más de estos verbos, para conocerlos debemos leer y leer mucho hasta que podremos identificarlos sin ningún problema, ánimos!.
Uso de "ing" o gerundio en inglés
Uso de “ing” en ingles
The use of the "ing"
Es un sufijo, el cual se agrega a los verbos en ingles para dar a entender que la acción se esta realizando, en español equivale a aumentar “ando, endo,” a los verbos
También se conoce como gerundio (gerund)
Reglas:
1) el "ing" se pone al final de un verbo para denotar "ando, endo".
Ex:
-eat(comer) eating(comiendo)
-read (leer) Reading (leyendo).
-speak (hablar) speaking (hablando).
2) si el verbo termina en "e", la quitamos y en su lugar aumentamos el "ing".
Ex:
-live (vivir) living (viviendo).
-give (dar) giving (dando).
-have (tener) having(teniendo).
3) si el verbo termina en " ie ", primero se quita la "e ", luego se cambia la " i " por la " y " y finalmente se agrega "ing".
en resumen: se cambia la “ie” por “ying”
Ex:
-tie (atar) ... Tying (atando).
-lie (mentir) ... Lying (mintiendo) .
4) si el verbo es de una o dos silabas, termina en consonante, antes de la consonante va una vocal y además la pronunciación de la ultima silaba es fuerte, entonces la consonante se duplica y luego se le añade el "ing".
Ex:
-run (correr) Running.
-begin (comenzar) Beginning.
-stop (parar, impedir) Stopping.
-omit (omitir) Omitting.
5) en ocasiones se pone una Verbo con "ing" al principio de una oración:
Ex:
-playing the game I like.
(pleing de geim ai laik)
(jugando el juego que me gusta)
-reading this book is interesting.
(leyendo o leer este libro es interesante)
6) después de una preposición, siempre una acción se escribe con "ing":
Ex:
-I am studing english for being able to talk to people of u. S. A.
(ai am studing inglish for biing aibl tu tolk tu pi..pl ov iu. Es. Ei.)
(yo estoy estudiando inglés para poder hablar con la gente de u. S. A.)
-I work for living
(ai work for living)
(yo trabajo para vivir).
Examples:
-Skip (omitir) skipping.
-Swim (nadar) swimming.
-Leap (saltar), leaping. (*)
-Forget (olvidar), forgetting.
-Put (poner), putting.
-See (poner), seeing. (excepción a la regla 2)
-Study (estudiar), studying.
-Grow (crecer), growing.
-Steal (robar), stealing.
Verbo to be conjugaciones
Infinitive: to be
Present: be
Past Simple: was/were
Past Participle: been
Gerund: being
Meaning: ser/estar
Past Simple: was/were
Past Participle: been
Gerund: being
Meaning: ser/estar
Present Simple
Affirmative | Interrogative | Negative |
I am | Am I ? | I am not |
You are | Are you ? | You are not |
He/She/It is | Is he/she/it ? | He/She/It is not |
We are | Are we ? | We are not |
You are | Are you ? | You are not |
They are | Are they ? | They are not |
Present Perfect
Affirmative | Interrogative | Negative |
I have been | Have I been? | I have not been |
You have been | Have you been? | You have not been |
He/She/It has been | Has he/she/it been? | He/She/It has not been |
We have been | Have we been? | We have not been |
You have been | Have you been? | You have not been |
They have been | Have they been? | They have not been |
Past Simple
Affirmative | Interrogative | Negative |
I was | Was I ? | I was not |
You were | Were you ? | You were not |
He/She/It was | Was he/she/it ? | He/She/It was not |
We were | Were we ? | We were not |
You were | Were you ? | You were not |
They were | Were they ? | They were not |
Past Perfect
Affirmative | Interrogative | Negative |
I had been | Had I been? | I had not been |
You had been | Had you been? | You had not been |
He/She/It had been | Had he/she/it been? | He/She/It had not been |
We had been | Had we been? | We had not been |
You had been | Had you been? | You had not been |
They had been | Had they been? | They had not been |
Future Simple
Affirmative | Interrogative | Negative |
I will be | Will I be? | I will not be |
You will be | Will you be? | You will not be |
He/She/It will be | Will he/she/it be? | He/She/It will not be |
We will be | Will we be? | We will not be |
You will be | Will you be? | You will not be |
They will be | Will they be? | They will not be |
Future Perfect
Affirmative | Interrogative | Negative |
I will have been | Will I have been? | I will not have been |
You will have been | Will you have been? | You will not have been |
He/She/It will have been | Will he/she/it have been? | He/She/It will not have been |
We will have been | Will we have been? | We will not have been |
You will have been | Will you have been? | You will not have been |
They will have been | Will they have been? | They will not have been |
Conditional
Affirmative | Interrogative | Negative |
I would be | Would I be? | I would not be |
You would be | Would you be? | You would not be |
He/She/It would be | Would he/she/it be? | He/She/It would not be |
We would be | Would we be? | We would not be |
You would be | Would you be? | You would not be |
They would be | Would they be? | They would not be |
Conditional Perfect
Affirmative | Interrogative | Negative |
I would have been | Would I have been? | I would not have been |
You would have been | Would you have been? | You would not have been |
He/She/It would have been | Would he/she/it have been? | He/She/It would not have been |
We would have been | Would we have been? | We would not have been |
You would have been | Would you have been? | You would not have been |
They would have been | Would they have been? | They would not have been |
Verbos Causativos (Causative Verbs)
El causante= se usa para indicar que un sujeto o persona causa un acto, acción o servicio por otra persona.
Si uno realiza una acción para sí mismo, la frase seria como sigue:
-I am going to cut my hair (yo voy a cortarme el cabello).
*Pero si otra persona hace una acción o servicio por uno, entonces la frase se construye con "have" o "get" + una acción en pasado participio (P.p) , e indicamos indirectamente que esa persona hace o realiza la acción por nosotros usando "by".
Ex:
-I am going to have my hair cut by her.
get objeto. P.p. persona que hace la acción por uno.
-I had my car washed by him.
got objeto. P. p. Persona que hace la acción por uno.
*Si no queremos utilizar la terminación "by + persona", entonces tenemos que incluir la persona que realiza la acción o servicio por nosotros dentro de la oración principal, y tenemos que indicar directamente quien realiza una acción por nosotros, por lo que la estructura de la oración seria asi:
1) Con have:
Ex:
I am going to have Mónica cut my hair.
pronombre Acción en objeto.
presente simple.
2) Con get:
Ex:
I am going to get Mónica to cut my hair.
pronombre Acción objeto.
en infinitivo.
Otros ejemplos:
I had my employee wash my car.
I always have my maid clean the house.
I got my employee to wash my car.
He has his friend do a favour.
We got our relatives to buy our televisions.
Verbo transitivo e intransitivo inglés
Verb (verb) (verbo) = action (acshion) (acción).
To study = forma infinitiva.
Study = forma simple.
En el diccionario, una acción o verbo se representa con una (v).
1) Verbo transitivo (v.t.): es la acción que va dirigida o afecta directamente a una persona o a un objeto(objeto directo) diferente del mismo sujeto .
Example:
-She eats the cake
(subject) (transitive verb) (direct object)
Ella (sujeto) come (verbo transitivo) el pastel (objeto directo)
Para encontrar el objeto directo pregúntate qué más el verbo usado.
En este caso ¿qué come ella? R= pastel.
-He wrote a letter.
(subject) (transitive verb) (direct object)
-I open the door.
(ai oupen de dor)
(yo abro la puerta)
-I work the radio.
(ai work de reidio)
(yo hago funcionar la radio)
2) Verbo intransitivo (v. i.): es la acción que no va dirigida o no afecta a una persona o a un objeto(a parte del mismo sujeto).
La acción no pasa de una persona a otra, por eso "no transita", no hay acción de una persona a una cosa.
Ex:
-She shouted.
She (subject) shouted (intransitive verb)
Ella (sujeto) gritó (verbo intransitivo)
-He fell down.
He (subject) fell down (intransitive verb)
El (sujeto) se cayó (verbo intransitivo)
-The door opens.
(de dor oupens)
( la puerta se abre)
-I work every day.
(ai work evri dei)
(yo trabajo cada día)
Como pudo observar, algunos verbos pueden interpretarse de 2 formas, uno como verbo transitivo y otro como verbo intransitivo
Open (v. t.) = abrir.
open (v. i.) = se abre, abrirse.
Work (v. t.) = hacer funcionar, hacer trabajar.
Work (v. i.) = trabajar.
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